#Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

[itsgerges]

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The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses)  The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) please read Can The Physics Science Concept Contradict The Nature System? https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239455.html Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow

E-mail mrwaheid1@yahoo.com gergesgerges@yandex.ru ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis

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Watch Ornithopter Bot-Bird Made Successful Perches

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[afeelgoodblog]

The Best News of Last Month - August 2024

1.Negative Power Prices Hit Europe as Renewable Energy Floods the Grid

European power markets are experiencing a notable shift as renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, become a larger part of the energy mix. On Wednesday, power prices in several European markets, including Germany, dipped below zero due to a surge in green electricity production.

2. Taiwan introduces ban on performances by captive wild animals

Live performances by wild animals held in captivity, including performances by dolphins, tigers, and other non-domesticated mammals, will no longer be permitted in Taiwan under new Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) regulations.

3. FTC bans fake online reviews, inflated social media influence; rule takes effect in October

The FTC voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake reviews, such as those generated with AI technology, and other misleading advertising practices.

The ban also forbids marketers from exaggerating their own influence by, for example, paying for bots to inflate their follower count.

4. Chinese drones will fly trash out of Everest slopes

Come autumn, Nepal will deploy heavy lifter drones to transport garbage from the 6,812-metre tall Ama Dablam, south of Everest. This will be the first commercial work an unmanned aerial vehicle does in Nepal’s high-altitude zone.

The heavy lifter from China’s biggest drone maker, Da Jiang Innovations (DJI), will take on tasks traditionally handled by Sherpas. Officials believe it will help reduce casualties on Everest.

5. Swiss scientists have found a way to use the whole cocoa fruit to make chocolate and not just taking beans and discarding the rest.

Kim Mishra (L) and Anian Schreiber (R) cooperated on the new chocolate making process

Food scientists in Switzerland have come up with a way to make chocolate using the entire cocoa fruit rather than just the beans - and without using sugar.

The chocolate, developed at Zurich’s prestigious Federal Institute of Technology by scientist Kim Mishra and his team includes the cocoa fruit pulp, the juice, and the husk, or endocarp.

6. Six-year-old boy found in Vietnam forest after five days

A six-year-old boy who was missing for five days has been found deep in a forest in Vietnam. Dang Tien Lam, who lives in the northwestern Yen Bai province, was playing in a stream with his nine siblings on 17 August when he wandered into the hills and got lost, local reports said.

He was found on Wednesday by local farmers who heard a child's cry while they were clearing a cinnamon field close to the forest.

7. Lego plans to make half the plastic in bricks from renewable materials by 2026

Lego plans to make half the plastic in its bricks from renewable or recycled material rather than fossil fuels by 2026, in its latest effort to ensure its toys are more environmentally friendly.

The Danish company last year ditched efforts to make bricks entirely from recycled bottles because of cost and production issues. At the moment, 22% of the material in its colourful bricks is not made from fossil fuels.

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How do solar railways work? Startup gets green light for pilot project in Switzerland

Swiss start-up Sun-Ways has been given the green light for a three-year pilot project in the western canton of Neuchâtel, with work to begin in spring 2025.

Sun-Ways is the first to patent a removable system, with the help of EPFL, the Swiss federal technology institute in Lausanne.

“This will be the first time that solar panels will be installed on a railway track with trains that pass over them,” Sun-Ways CEO Joseph Scuderi told SWI swissinfo.ch.

The removable innovation is a crucial one since railway tracks need to be cleared from time to time for essential maintenance work.

[niranjandotus]

Top Ukrainian female Scientists, Doctors, Mathematicans, Economists, Artists, Athletes, Leaders, Astronauts, Military Leaders, etc.

The Ukrainian mathematician Maryna Viazovska who won Fields Medal — the highest honor for a mathematician.

Selected few famous Ukrainian scientists 

We decided to talk about outstanding Ukrainian women who've changed and continue to change the world of science to show that girls can do anything.

Maryna Viazovska, a mathematician

Ukrainian scientist, doctor of natural sciences. Ukrainian mathematician Maryna Viazovska, who currently works at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, received the Salem Prize 2016, which is extremely prestigious for mathematicians. The commission awarded the prize to Maryna Viazovska for her world-class discovery. Ukrainian solved a problem that scientists have been working on for more than 400 years, i.e. packing spheres in 8-dimensional space, and co-authored the one in 24-dimensional space. Previously, the problem of packing spheres was solved only for spaces with three or fewer dimensions.

Yuliia Bezvershenko, a physicist

Ukrainian scientist in theoretical physics, popularizer of science, public figure, Ph.D. of physic and mathematical sciences, Yuliia Bezvershenko is included in the list of TOP-20 Ukrainian women in STEM for 2018-2019. Yuliia deals with mathematical methods applied to the problems of dynamics of quantum systems in external fields and control of quantum systems. She is convinced and proves that one can practice theoretical physics with passion.

According to Yuliia, at one time she heard an important thing from her mentor: you can be yourself in any field! Therefore, one shouldn't be afraid of stereotypes and prejudices of others.

If you're a girl, a woman, no matter where, no matter how old you are, and your heart is in science, don't be afraid. Go there boldly. After all, nothing will stop a woman, ready to work and conduct scientific discoveries.

Mariia Bailiak, a biologist

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Biotechnology in Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. Scientist Mariia Bailiak studies biochemistry and researches the influence of various plants and substances on the aging process. Mariia Bailiak's discoveries concern, for instance, the increase of stress resistance and the general condition of living organisms (and therefore, us and you, and it's good news: stress resistance doesn't hurt anyone), and anti-aging substances. Thanks to her intensive work, Mariia is in the Top 10 successful Ukrainian women scientists.

Olha Brovarets, a biophysicist

Ukrainian biophysicist, Doctor of Physic and Mathematical Sciences, winner of the Scopus Awards Ukraine in the nomination "Best team of scientists who achieved significant scientific results without Western collaborations" and the President of Ukraine Award for Young Scientists, and a leading researcher in the Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Olha is the youngest doctor habilitatus in Ukraine; she became a doctor at 29. Olha is now 34 years old and she continues to study biophysics: her discoveries give an understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and many other diseases caused by mutations. It was Olha who calculated the pattern of mutations in DNA leading to cancer and many other diseases.

Nana Voitenko, a biologist

Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, neurobiologist, head of the department of sensory signaling of the Bohomolets Institute of Physiology of NAS of Ukraine. Nana Voitenko has been researching pain for more than 20 years. What do we know about pain? For most people on Earth, pain is something they'd like to get rid of as soon as possible if they feel it. Nana Voitenko deals with the nature of pain, as it occurs and spreads in the human's central and peripheral nervous systems. In the laboratory, Voitenko and her colleagues managed to develop an experimental treatment that affects only those cells involved in pain syndromes. Besides, Nana Voitenko is actively promoting science: she's a lecturer at the "Days of Science" initiative, was a lecturer at TED-x Kyiv in 2013, and the organizer of the "Week of Knowledge about the Brain." Science is close, and it's accessible to everyone.

Ella Libanova, an economist

Scientist in socioeconomics, demography, and labor economics, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Economist of Ukraine. Ella Libanova is an academician-secretary of the economics department of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and, by the way, the first and only female member of the presidium of the National Academy of Sciences for 102 years of its work. She teaches social statistics at the Faculty of Economics of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; introduced a method for measuring human development at the region level, used by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for annual calculations.

Nina Virchenko, a mathematician

Professor of the Department of Mathematical Analysis and Probability Theory, Doctor of Physic and Mathematical Sciences Nina Virchenko is one of the most famous Ukrainian mathematicians. She is the author of more than 500 scientific and methodological works, including 20 books published in Ukrainian, Russian, English, and Japanese. Nina Virchenko is recognized not only in Ukraine but also abroad; she's a member of the Australian, American, Belgian, Edinburgh, London mathematical societies. In the end, it's not surprising, because mathematics knows no boundaries and recognizes all the achievements, wherever you obtain them.

Nina Virchenko's fate wasn't easy: at 18 in 1948, she was sentenced to 10 years in the Gulag camps for preparing a "political conspiracy, revolt" and participating in the "Ukrainian-nationalist gang." Years in the camps didn't stop the future doctor from achieving her dreams. In 1964, she defended her Ph.D. and her Dr. habil. dissertation in Kyiv in 1988.

Nataliia Vynohrad, an epidemiologist

Epidemiologist, professor, doctor of medical sciences, Nataliia Vynohrad manages the Department of Epidemiology of Lviv National Medical University. She's an expert of the World Health Organization in responding to epidemic threats and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on epidemiology, an adviser to the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine on anti-epidemic protection and biosafety. Agree, you can't find a more relevant profession in 2020-2021. Once an ordinary girl from a village in the Khmelnytskyi region, and now the author of 305 scientific papers, and 8 copyright certificates for inventions and patents of Ukraine, proves that nothing is impossible for a girl who knows what she wants.

Nataliia Polonska-Vasylenko, a historian

From the early 20th century until the end of her life in the 1970s, our first heroine studied the history and archeology of Ukraine, both in Ukraine and later in exile in Germany and the Czech Republic. In a historically troublesome time for Ukraine, she became one of the leading representatives of the state school in Ukrainian historiography, that is, she promoted the idea of ​​independence and continuity of the Ukrainian historical process. Nataliia Polonska-Vasylenko is the author of almost 200 scientific works on the history of Zaporizhzhia and Southern Ukraine, which remain relevant to this day.

Valentyna Radzymovska, a biologist

One of the most prominent names in our history is Valentyna Radzymovska, a professor, doctor of medical and physiological sciences, founder of the Ukrainian school of physiologists and biochemists, and a public figure. The Soviet authorities repressed Valentyna Radzymovska for her political activities and participation in the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine in the 1930s. However, it didn't prevent her from becoming the author of more than 60 works on biochemistry, pathophysiology, pediatrics, psychoneurology, physiology, and phthisiology. Like the previous scientist in our article, she left Ukraine in 1945, emigrating first to Germany and then to the United States.

Radzymovska contributed hugely to the study of tuberculosis and its treatment in children.

Nina Morozhenko, a physicist

Although the sun is the closest star to us, it still hides many fascinating mysteries. Ukrainian astronomer, helio physicist, doctor of physic and mathematical sciences, author of 56 scientific works, Nina Morozhenko devoted her entire life to studying the structure of our guide light and the processes taking place on it. After all, everything happening on the Sun affects many areas of human activity. Without studying the sun, it's impossible to understand not only what the future holds for our civilization but also what is happening in space, i.e. on the distant stars the humanity is so eager to reach. Nina Morozhenko's scientific works on solar prominences were the first in the world and gave rise to scientific research by helio physicists from many countries. The Ukrainian researcher's significant contribution to the physics of the sun once again demonstrates that physics isn't a purely "male" science.

[wachinyeya]

Scientists in Switzerland have invented a way to make chocolate healthier and more sustainable.

Typically, only cocoa beans and pulp are extracted for our chocolate bars. But researchers at the ETH Zurich federal technology institute have discovered that the cocoa pod husk can be used

Their new recipe involves taking what’s known as the endocarp, the inner layer of the fruit shell, and mixing it with some of the pulp surrounding the beans to make a sweet cocoa jelly.

“This means that farmers can not only sell the beans, but also dry out the juice from the pulp and the endocarp, grind it into powder and sell that as well,” explains Kim Mishra, lead author of the study published in the journal Nature Food.

[mindblowingscience]

In a new study in mice, a team of researchers from UCLA, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and Harvard University have uncovered a crucial component for restoring functional activity after spinal cord injury. The neuroscientists have shown that re-growing specific neurons back to their natural target regions led to recovery, while random regrowth was not effective.

Continue Reading.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Edible electronics are being developed to assist rescue operations and go inside hospital patients

Professor Dario Floreano is a Swiss-Italian roboticist and engineer engaged in a bold research venture: the creation of edible robots and digestible electronics. However counterintuitive it may seem, combining food science and robotic science could yield enormous benefits. These range from airlifts of food to advanced health monitoring. Boundary breaking "Our goal is to start replacing electronic parts by edible components," said Floreano, who is director of the Laboratory of Intelligent Systems at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.

Read more.

[man-and-atom]

The triumphant (?) return to Earth of the Boeing CST–100 “Starliner” ; a long discussion of British energy policy and the implications of the “Contract for Difference” mechanism ; and benefits afforded to my Patreon supporters, in the form of postcards from unusual and even unique post offices. All while I eat an ice–cream cone!

Direct link to archive recording [192 kbps MP3, 40 MB]

Supplementary Show

2024–09–10 After occupying the first quarter of the hour with something else, we hear from the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, and a recently published report on “Technology Monitoring of Nuclear Energy”. This is officially part of the “Energy Strategy 2050”, which calls for Switzerland to decarbonize its whole energy supply while withdrawing from nuclear power, which currently supplies more than a third of Swiss electricity. Recent decisions by the Federal Council will hopefully lead to a reconsideration of this “Strategy”.

[underthewingsofthblackeagle]

         This video was produced by the Foreign Press Association and published on the YouTube channel of the Don't Extradite Assange (DEA) campaign on February 19, 2022. With permission from the DEA campaign, we have published this video on our channel to raise awareness of this issue in Germany and worldwide. Visit the DEA campaign's YouTube channel here:  /deacampaign            ABOUT NILS MELZER. Prof. Nils Melzer is the Human Rights Chair of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. He is also Professor of International Law at the University of Glasgow.          On 1 November 2016, he took up the function of UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Prof. Melzer has served for 12 years with the International Committee of the Red Cross as a Legal Adviser, Delegate and Deputy Head of Delegation in various zones of conflict and violence. After leaving the ICRC in 2011, he held academic positions as Research Director of the Swiss Competence Centre on Human Rights (University of Zürich), as Swiss Chair for International Humanitarian Law (Geneva Academy) and as Senior Fellow for Emerging Security Challenges (Geneva Centre for Security Policy), and has represented civil society in the Steering Committee of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. In the course of his career, Prof. Melzer has also served as Senior Security Policy Adviser to the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, has carried out advisory mandates for influential institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Federal Department of Defence, and has regularly been invited to provide expert testimonies, including to the UN First Committee, the UN CCW, the UNSG Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters, and various Parliamentary Commissions of the European Union, Germany and Switzerland. Prof. Melzer has authored award-winning and widely translated books, including: “Targeted Killing in International Law” (Oxford, 2008, Guggenheim Prize 2009), the ICRC’s “Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities” (2009) and the ICRC’s official handbook “International Humanitarian Law – a Comprehensive Introduction” (2016), as well as numerous other publications in the field of international law. In view of his expertise in new technologies, Prof. Melzer has been mandated by the EU Parliament to author a legal and policy study on “Human Rights Implications of the Usage of Drones and Robots in Warfare” (2013) and has also co-authored the NATO CCDCOE “Tallinn Manual on the International Law applicable to Cyber Warfare” (Cambridge, 2013), and the NATO MCDC “Policy Guidance Autonomy in Defence Systems”, (NATO ACT, 2014).          Throughout his career, Prof. Melzer has fought to preserve human dignity and the rule of law through the relentless promotion, reaffirmation and clarification of international legal standards offering protection to those exposed to armed conflicts and other situations of violence.

[itsgerges]

Best Regards

The Sun Can NOT Be Created Before The Planets Creation

or

or

or

Paper Major hypothesis

The Sun Is NOT Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays- Instead - The Planets Motions Energies Total Is Used To Produce The Sun Rays- That's Why The Sun Can Not Be Created Before The Planets Creation And Motion   

In Fact- The Sun Is A Phenomenon created by the planets motions- means- The Planets were created and moving in their orbits before the sun creation- the planets were revolving around a point in space for a long period of time before the sun creation and the sun is created and put on this point around which the planets revolve-

This fact shows the great gap between the solar system facts and the physics book- 

BUT- Can This Theory Be A Fact? let's see how this can be possible

(i)

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I claim the sun rays are produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion process- also –No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states-

Here we see the article produces a light beam by different source of energy (the gravitational waves motions energy) in place of the sun mass which is used by the nuclear fusion process to produce the sun rays- here – the source of energy is the motion energy of the gravitational waves 

The importance here is that- the solar system is rich in the motion energy and by that the sun mass as a source of energy is not required

(ii)

I claim

The gravitational waves are created by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field-let's see if this can be possible

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- Planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity

AND

The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)

AND 

In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit-

Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) –

Shortly

The planets motions energies are unified into unified wave revolve around the sun and moves by velocity (205.8 km/s) and this is the gravitational waves

The question is that

The scientists discovered waves in the space and they told these waves are produced by the gravitational field but why?? because planet motion energy analysis proves the motion energy must be stored in the space as moving waves- so the discovered waves  are created by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field – also I prove the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field which proves my theory tells the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies

(iii)

The previous analysis shows the sun rays are created from the gravitational waves motions and the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- that explains how the sun can be a phenomenon created by the planets motions energies

(iv)

The major hypothesis elementary proves

The Sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface is 5800 Kelvin because the energy is NOT produced by the sun body but out of the sun body- the energy is coming from the planets motions energies- that's why the energy out of the sun is greater the energy inside the sun  

Planet velocity analysis proves that the sun is created after all planet creation and motion where no any planet can be created or added to the solar group after the sun creation- this fact is proved by planet velocity analysis discussed by the paper. 

The sun velocity 2 km/s (the sun circumference 4.37 million km/ the sun rotation period 25.4 days) this velocity proves the sun is the stationary point in the solar system which is required to create the sun rays –

The sun diameter = Jupiter circumference x π and also

(the sun mass /Jupiter mass)=  π x (Jupiter mass/ the Earth Mass) (error 5%) because Jupiter defines The sun creation data with the inner planets  

The total solar eclipse geometrical design is found by Jupiter- because Jupiter uses the total solar eclipse to define the sun position in the sky after the sun creation- the total solar eclipse data shows Jupiter creates the whole design 

The paper discuses these proves and many others in details

The Major hypothesis Explanation

The major hypothesis depends on 4 hypothesis which are

1st hypothesis

The gravitational waves are produced by the planet motion energy and Not by the gravitational field- Moreover- the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field -Shortly- the planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and this energy is stored in the space as moving waves – these are the gravitational waves- also the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system and the wave reflection causes to square the wave velocity

2nd hypothesis

As discussed before

The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays– Because

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I claim the sun rays are produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion process- also –No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states.  

3rd  hypothesis

The planets Motions use different rates of time – the rate of time depends on the velocities rate – example- Mercury velocity = 1.6 the Earth velocity because of that (One Second Of Mercury Clock  = 1.6 Seconds Of The Earth Clock)

4th  hypothesis

Neptune motion caused to create relativistic effects in the solar system because

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

the new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light-

and the gravitational waves move by speed of light but Neptune caused to decrease the wave speed by 1% and by that the speed be equal 99% of speed of light (=297000 km/s) which caused to created relativistic effects in the solar system- also- Neptune caused to create two wave reflections in the outer planets which one reflection only was enough- means- if Neptune is removed from the solar system the wave reflections in the outer planets will be one reflection only and not two reflections 

NOTICE

In following I provide the explanations and proves for the four hypothesis- BUT- Before – I have to provide refutations for 15 theories in the modern physics book-

I want to say-

NOT only – The sun nuclear fusion theory is wrong –BUT – also there are 15 other theories are wrong in the modern physics book-I put them in the preface before the four hypotheses explanation   

The Paper 4 Branch Hypotheses Proves Discussion

Preface– Refutations Of 15 Physics Theories

I provide refutations for 15 theories in the modern physics book which are

The Physicist Vision Contradicts The Nature System

The physicist supposes Planet moves and doesn't produce motion energy

Einstein is wrong (Space Has Mechanical Features)

Einstein is wrong (The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field)

Newton Is Wrong (No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity)

Newton Is Wrong (Mass Gravity Can NOT Cause Any Motion)

The physics book is wrong (The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies)

The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays

The Big Bang Theory is Wrong (No Random Creation)

Newton is wrong (Planet Motion Does Not Depend On Its Mass)

Einstein is wrong (The original speed of light is 1.16 million km per second)

Giant- Impact Hypothesis is wrong (Mars Caused The Moon Creation)

Tidal Locking Theory Is Wrong 

Lorentz Transformation Are Correct

Newton Is wrong (The gravitation equation is wrong)

First Critic   The Physicist Vision Contradicts The Nature System

I study the solar system Geometry since long years- and- I have found the physicist and astronomer can't understand the solar system designer vision– in fact their vision contradict the Nature designer vision- let's prove that in following  

The Physicist Vision

The physicist supposes that there's (a unit of building)- by that- the physicist sees the mass (for example) as wall and this wall is consisted of bricks (small similar units) and for that the physicist searched for this (unit) because it's the (unit) by which the wall is building (the mass is building)– this is the physicist thinking direction- he believed there's a small unit by which the great building is built

For that the physicist searched and found the particle and then the particle is divided into Molecules then the Molecule is divided into atoms and the atom is divided into nucleus and electron moves around and the nucleus is divided into proton and Neutron- and the proton is divided into quarks …etc

The physicist searches for the building unit- the unit by which the building is built – or the unit by which the mass is built – for that the physicist divides (any thing) to see its contents till reach to the unit which can be used as the building unit. 

The Nature System Vision

The Nature designer aims to create integration- as the marriage – male and female- the relationship will cause to give birth for a child

INTEGRATION this is the word inside the designer Mind

No building unit- the marriage answers- because in marriage both (male and female) are required and no one of them better than the other – both work together and give equal effects on the same one process and give together one result- I explain the idea by the marriage because it's easy to understand- I want to put the word (Integration) as the basic concept in the designer mind.

AND

I want to explain how the physicist causes fatal error for the research method

While the physicist divides the elements one after one (from matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) this division from out into inner till reach to very small unit which he considered the building unit – that causes to destroy the geometrical design of the integration process

Let's return to the marriage- the marriage requires two players (male and female)- they have different bodies and the process give birth for children- Suppose we remove one player what would happen? (where can we find a woman pregnant by herself?)

I want to say- the division from (matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) destroys the general geometrical design which uses the integration process- let's give other examples

Example No. (1)   

Einstein told us (He can't find slightest meaning for the word SPACE) by that he can't define (what's the space) and also he found the space has no mechanical features because no definition causes these features – this is the physicist vision - Let's see the designer vision

Planet moves and its motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and where's the energy? the planet can't store its motion energy inside its body because this energy would raise the planet temperature and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- so- where's the planet motion energy? logically we suppose that- the energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- the planet moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space (as the fish swims in the sea and its motion creates waves in the sea water) similar to that the planet motion produces energy and this energy creates waves in the space- by that we can define the space and conclude the space nature and features- simply we conclude the space has mechanical features because the energy is stored in the space as moving waves- the gravitational waves prove the space has motion- why we can solve the question which Einstein couldn't solve? Because he supposed the planet is independent from the space- the integration concept is not known by him

Notice

The waves are produced by the planet motion energy are the gravitational waves, the paper first hypothesis proves these waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field also the hypothesis proves the Sun doesn't produce a gravitational field.

More examples are provided after the hypotheses explanations 

Second Critic The physicist supposes Planet moves and doesn't produce motion energy

Planet motion energy analysis can refute many basic theories in the physics book as we will see in this discussion- for that- the physicist supposed planet motion doesn't produce energy- while- the mechanics basic law tells us (Any moving body produces energy =1/2 mv^2)-but- the physicist never answered the question (where's Planet motion energy?)-because- planet motion energy analysis proves the space has mechanical features and proves Mass gravity can NOT cause any motion and also proves the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field (even if found)- also it proves the sun is NOT doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays-

Here I explain why the physicist never answer the question (where's planet motion energy?)- the following critic uses planet motion energy analysis to prove that the space has mechanical features

Third Critic     Einstein is wrong (Space Has Mechanical Features)

Any moving body produces energy (1/2 mv^2) – for that-

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this energy? the planet can't store its motion energy inside its body because this energy would raise the planet temperature and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- so- where's the planet motion energy? logically we suppose that- the energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- the planet moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space (as the fish swims in the sea and its motion creates waves in the sea water) similar to that the planet motion produces energy and this energy creates waves in the space- by that we can define the space and conclude the space nature and features- simply we conclude the space has mechanical features because the energy is stored in the space as moving waves- the gravitational waves prove the space has motion- by that- we are sure that the space has mechanical features

Notice – these waves are the gravitational waves

Fourth Critic   Einstein is wrong (The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field)

The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field

The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following

(i)

The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- 

(ii)

No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity–Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner structure and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-

Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions.  

(iii)

The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-

(iv)

The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it

Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation)

d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                             

d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance

d0= 57.9 million km  = Mercury Orbital Distance

50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury  Venus Depends On Mercury

Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655

d= 1433 million km    = Saturn Orbital Distance

d0= 778.6 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Distance

655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation

Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition.

Notice

Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation)  

Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth-

(v)

Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the paper abstract- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

Fifth Critic       Newton Is Wrong (No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity)

This critic is written in the previous one (Fourth Critic)

Sixth Critic      Newton Is Wrong (Mass Gravity Can NOT Cause Any Motion)

Also this critic is written in the previous one (Fourth Critic)

Seventh Critic The physics book is wrong (The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies)

(1)

Planet Motion Energy Analysis - Let's remember planet motion energy analysis

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity

(2)

These Waves Are The Gravitational Waves (My Hypothesis)

Means- the waves are produced by the planets motions energies- these waves are the gravitational waves- it's my paper hypothesis- the gravitational waves are not produced by the gravitational field (moreover the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field) instead the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies 

AND

The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)

AND 

In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit-

Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) –

The Conclusion

The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space

Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves  -

Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why?

The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- and I have refuted the sun gravitational field theory- by that- the gravitational waves must be produced by the planets motions energies

(3)

These Waves Reflections Effect and Proves

The paper proves that, the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system three times and these reflections cause effects on the planets data and motion- the first branch hypothesis provides powerful proves for this fact which proves the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field (even if found)

Eighth  Critic  The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I claim the sun rays are produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion process- Means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays- this is the paper main hypothesis – also I claim no star rays is created by any nuclear fusion process- but all stars rays are created by the gravitational waves motions as our sun

The paper all discussions and proves prove this hypothesis basically 

Ninth Critic   The Big Bang Theory is Wrong (Planet Diameter Is Created Based On A Mathematical Equation- No Random Creation)

The big bang theory tells- Planet is created by random process- and we asked (what does mean "By Random Process"?) the theory tells

Jupiter– for example- is created by random process-means- Jupiter diameter and mass are created with some unknown values for us- and during the history Jupiter is collided many times and these collisions changed Jupiter diameter and mass-

As a result the current value of Jupiter diameter (142984 km) is a value found by random because of the historical events   

Based on these ideas- the planets diameters are found without any rule or geometrical reason- means

While we know all planets diameters correctly- the astronomer couldn't use these diameters to discover the geometrical rule behind these diameters creation- the theory told No geometrical rule or reason-simply–Just Random process- the theory is wrong-      

In following I provide my planet diameter equation to prove planet diameter is created based on a mathematical equation and a geometrical reason

My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I

v = Planet Velocity                          

r = Planet Diameter

I= Planet Orbital Inclination   

s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period

v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet

The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error 

Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity                        

Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity

Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity      

Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity

Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)

Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity

Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)

Example  Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8                  

89143                   = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period

49528 km   = Neptune diameter            

9.7 km/s = Saturn velocity and

5.4 km/s      = Neptune velocity             

1.8 degrees= Neptune Orbital Inclination

59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)

The Equation Concept (A Summary) Planet diameter should be a function in its orbital distance –otherwise- this planet would be broken by its motion- BUT- the designer can't create a function has only 2 variables (Planet diameter and its orbital distance)- because– If this planet changes its orbital distance its diameter would be broken also because the diameter is a direct function in the orbital distance without any other variables -As A Result- the designer created planet diameter as a function in this planet rotation period and the planet rotation period is created as a function in this planet velocity and the planet velocity is created as a function in this planet orbital distance- by that- the function between Planet diameter and its orbital distance is created but also it contains many variables (rotation period, orbital period and velocity)- by that- if  the Planet changes its orbital distance- this planet orbital period, and velocity and rotation period would be changed but its diameter will be saved

NOTICE

The big bang theory is wrong in principle because it supposes the changes in the planet diameter (or mass) doesn't change this planet motion-

this is the main problem behind- and to see the picture more clear- let's give example

The physics book has theory explains the Earth motion- Now- the Earth diameter is 12756 km and we have to ask (if the Earth diameter be 18000 km) what are the changes in the Earth motion would be happened?

Generally- Nothing would be happened because the theory doesn't take into account the Earth diameter at all – means (whatsoever the Earth diameter be the theory will be the same) that explains the big bang wring ideas are not limited to the big bang theory but it extends in the physicist ideas and theories-

Tenth  Critic   Newton is wrong (Planet Motion Does Not Depend On Its Mass)

Planet velocity analysis shows planet velocity is defined by many rules No one of them is related to this planet mass- at all Planet mass is not mentioned in this planet velocity definition proves the mass has no any role in Planet velocity definition– please read Planet velocity definition in point no. (**) 

Eleventh Critic Einstein is wrong (The Original Speed Of Light Is 1.16 Million Km Per Second)

The solar system is created from one light beam energy- means- the solar planets matters and their distances are created from one energy and this one energy is provided by one light beam and this light beam moves by speed = 1.16 million km per second

The light (its speed 1.16 million km per second) built the solar system starting from Mercury orbit toward Pluto orbit- the light created the planets orbits before any planet creation- means- all orbits are created before any planet creation- the orbits are created based on each another (this fact is proved by my equation for planet orbital distance) after the light created all orbits and reach to Pluto orbit- the light energy is consumed in the space creation- and the rest energy is found in one light beam its speed is (300000 km/s = the known speed of light)- we understand this is one light beam its speed was 1.16 million km per second before the space creation (In Mercury Orbit) and its speed becomes 300000 km/s after the space creation (in Pluto orbit) as result for the energy consumption in the space creation- 

In Pluto orbit - the light could Not move any further to build any more orbits because any additional space creation will consume more energy and that will decrease the light speed to be less than 300000 km/s (the known speed of light) – and – No known light moves by speed less than 300000 km/s – means- the light had no energy to move any further after Pluto orbit- for that- the light returns to its origin point (Mercury orbit) for that the light is reflected with speed (300000 km/s) from Pluto orbit to Mercury orbit passing through the built orbits– no energy is required in this motion for that the light beam moves with speed of light (300000 km/s) till Mercury orbit.

The paper provides many powerful proves for this fact- here I refer to 3 proves only

(1st Proof)

Planet Velocity Analysis proves the speed 1.16 million km per second

Data

322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocities)  x 6.8 km/s  (Uranus velocities)                         

322 = 35 km/s  (Venus velocity)       x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                     

322 = 29.8 km/s (the Earth velocity)          x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocities) x 2  

322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)                        

322 = (17.9 km/s)^2 (Ceres velocity)                               (Max error 2%)

Discussion

This is one rule used to define planet velocity- we know this rule (v1v2 = constant =322) – other rules are discussed in planet velocity definition- here we ask only

Why the constant is 322?? Because 1160000 seconds = 3600 x 322 hours

Means- the light moves 1.16 million km but we see it as 1160000 seconds and based on this period the constant 322 hours is defined and based on this constant the planets velocities are defined- means- the planets velocities are defined as functions in the speed 1.16 million km per second

(2nd Proof)

The planets orbital circumferences total is defined by light speed 1.16 million km per second- let's prove that 

100733 million km = 86400 seconds x 1160000 km/s

100733 million km = The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

86400 seconds       = The solar day

Means- light its speed 1.16 million km per second passes in a solar day a distance = 100733 million km = The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

The planets data analysis proves that the solar day is the major period of time in the solar system- that because- all planets orbits are defined based on it- the paper proves this fact strongly

(3rd Proof)

The planets orbits and orbital distances are created from the energy of the light beam its speed is 1.16 million km per second- for that- this speed is registered in the distances data – let's prove that in following

Example

778.6 million km (Jupiter orbital distance) = 1160000 km/s x 671 seconds

721 million km (Jupiter Mercury distance) = 1160000 km/s x 629 seconds

Where

671 million km = Jupiter Venus Distance

629 million km = Jupiter Earth Distance

This example tells that

The light (its speed 1.16 million km per second) created the distances based on each other- means

The light uses 671 million km (Jupiter Venus Distance) as a period of time 671 seconds to pass the distance 778.6 million km (Jupiter Orbital Distance)   

Also -the light uses 629 million km (Jupiter Earth Distance) as a period of time 629 seconds to pass the distance 721 million km (Jupiter Mercury Distance)   

By this method the light (1.16 million km per second) creates the distances based on each other- the previous data is example for so many other distances let's see them in following

(778.6 / 671)= (721/629) = (629/551)= (2x551/940)= (4900/4188) = (5906/5127)= (5127/4437) = (4345/3717)= 1.16

Where

778.6 million km = Jupiter Orbital Distance 

721 million km    = Jupiter Mercury Distance 

671 million km    = Jupiter Venus Distance 

629 million km    = Jupiter Earth Distance 

551 million km    = Jupiter Mars Distance 

940 million km    = Earth Orbital Circumference

4188 million km  = 2 x 2094  million km (Jupiter Uranus Distance)

4900 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Circumference

5906 million km  = Pluto Orbital Distance

5127 million km  = Pluto Jupiter Distance

4437 million km  = Mercury Neptune Distance

4345 million km  = The Earth Neptune Distance

3717 million km  = Jupiter Neptune Distance

The paper provides so many other powerful proves for the speed 1.16 million km

Notice

 (1.16/0.3) x 2π = 24.3

The equation tells, because the solar system is created by light beam its speed 1.16million km per second with its other speed 300000 km/s

For that - the space is created in curved lines (2π) and the time is created based on the solar day (24 hours)- that explains why the planets orbital circumferences total depends on the solar day period

Twelfth Critic Giant- Impact Hypothesis is wrong (Mars Caused The Moon Creation)

Mars Is The Planet Caused The Earth Moon Creation

Let's prove that in following 

Mars Original Orbit Was Between Mercury And Venus with orbital distance = 84 million km

The order (Mercury– Mars – Venus – Earth) shows correct order in planets diameters, and orbital distances (and masses) 

BUT – Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) to its current one (227.9 million km) and Mars had collided with Venus and then with the Earth in its migration motion – and Mars itself has caused the Earth moon creation.  

My Theory (Mars Migration Theory) answers many left questions by Giant-Impact Hypothesis – for example -

Why Does Venus Have No Moon?

Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) – and moved to its current orbit (227.9 million km) – BUT- Mars had moved under force and push – and then Mars had collided with Venus –and Mars had pushed ALL DEBRIS with it in its Motion Direction because of its strong motion  

Venus had found No Debris around and for that Venus couldn't create its moon

But– the Earth gravity is greater than Venus' and the debris lost some of their momentum for that the Earth could attracted some debris and created its moon.

Mars has 2 moons and this fact supports my theory because Mars with small mass could attract two  moons because the debris were around it while Venus has greater mass but couldn't create its moon because the debris are moved with Mars motion.

The rest debris are attracted by Jupiter gravity and created the asteroid belt 

My paper provides many powerful proves for Mars Migration Theory

Thirteenth Critic Tidal Locking Theory Is Wrong 

The moon orbital period = the moon rotation period =27.3 days Not because of any tidal locking – this theory is wrong

The moon periods equality is found necessary to be used by Planet Diameter Equation

In fact- my planet diameter equation can work by depending on one planet its rotation period = its orbital period- this feature was Venus feature- means- in ancient Venus orbital period was equal Venus rotation period =243 solar days and my planet diameter equation depended on Venus to defines each planet diameter

But Neptune caused to create relativistic effects in the solar system- the relativistic effects caused to cerate Lorentz length contraction effect with the rate 7.1 and the solar system uses this rate by geometrical modification as (1+  7.1/100) = 1.0725  

Shortly- Venus orbital period (as many other planets data) is effected by the rate 1.0725 and so Venus orbital period is decreased from 243 days to be 224.7 days

Because Venus orbital period (224.7 days) becomes different from Venus rotation period (243 days) that caused great problem for planet diameter equation and put all planets diameters in serious risk –

For that-Venus created an effect on the Moon motion and caused the moon rotation period to be equal the moon orbital period =27.3days and by that my planet diameter equation can work normally again by using the moon motion in place of Venus motion

Shortly –No tidal locking is used to make the moon rotation period to be = the moon orbital period

Fourteenth Critic Lorentz Transformation Are Correct

Lorentz transportation tells us

If a particle moves by high speed motion (near to speed of light), this particle length would be contracted and its mass would be increased and its time would be dilated

BUT -

Many physics Books tell the following

(NO Real Change Is Done For Any Particle Data Moves By High Speed Motion But All Changes Are Illusions Of Measurements)- means-

While a particle is moving by high speed motion and the experiments results show contraction in its length and increasing in its mass and dilation in its time – these changes in measurements are just illusions and the particle itself has no change in any data

Tenth of books tell this meaning clearly and with confirmation and the physicist killed Lorentz work and made Lorentz transformation measures illusions and not facts- regardless the empirical proves-

I stand in front of the books and can't realize what's happening –I refuse these books idea because

The Physics Is The Measurements Science And What's Measured Is The Fact

If no real changes are done how the problem of Michelson and Morelly experiment is solved?- also- we can't understand why the synchronous events in one frame can't be synchronous in another (as Einstein stated) where no change is found for any data- the distances are Not contracted nor the time is dilated nor the mass is increased why the events can NOT be synchronous in any frame?  

If the particle own data are measured correctly while it moves by my motion velocity and these measurements are suffered from illusions because the particle moves by high velocity motion relative to my motion velocity that means (I'm the universe reference point)

We notice- Lorentz length contraction equation can't distinguish between particle length and a distance, both can be contracted by the same one equation- that supports my theory tells (Matter And Space Are Created From The Same Energy)– If the space is similar to the sea of water the matter will be similar to a whirlpool (or vortex) on the sea page- both matter and space are created from the same one energy- that gives chance to change the matter dimensions by its motion

My planet diameter equation proves Planet diameter is created depending on its velocity- means- for example– Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s- this fact is proved by my Equation strongly - that tells the motion has effect on the matter dimensions and data definition which supports the same meaning of Lorentz transformation.

In fact- my planet diameter equation is the main motive behind this fighting because the equation proves strongly Planet diameter is created based on its velocity- the velocity is defined before creation- the problem here is in the definition of matter- the wrong definition of matter caused this problem while my planet diameter equation proves that the planet diameter is defined based on its velocity

Please read the paper definitions which change the matter definition and prove the matter data is created depending on its motion

Fifteenth Critic Newton Is Wrong (The Gravitation Equation Is Wrong)

What's the first mistake in the physics book? (The Gravitation Equation)

The main problem here is that – the gravitation equation contradicts the planets order- the equation tells (more mass necessitates Shorter distance) but the planets are ordered in opposite direction – for example- (Mercury- Venus – Earth) this order tells more mass necessitates Longer distance

The equation clearly contradicts the planets order-( Jupiter the greatest mass is not the first planet) 

But- the physicist doesn't see this problem and invented ideas to cover this contradiction- for that- the physicist told us (Planet Initial Condition Prevents The Planet To Follow The Gravitation Equation Rule)- that tells the gravitation equation lost all support from the planets data and even it contradicts the planets order but the physicist knows the secret of this contradiction and we should trust this contradiction is not real one

This was a sad day in the human history- because we needed ideas can explain the planets motions and data but the physicist ideas removed even the planets data which is the only facts we have- and the physicist gave us lies and imaginary pictures that was the starting of the errors occupied the physics book since long time

Now – let's ask – How does planet define its orbital distance? Planet defines its orbit based on its neighbor orbit (planet mass has no relationship)- let's see the proof

My Planet Orbital Distance Equation d^2=4 d0 (d- d0)

d = A Planet Orbital Distance AND d0= Its Direct Previous Neighbor Planet Orbital Distance

VENUS ORBIT                     (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                                       

d= 108.2 million km      = Venus Orbital Distance             

d0= 57.9 million km       =Mercury Orbital Distance

50.3 million km             = The Distance Between Venus And Mercury 

Venus Depends On Mercury

SATURN ORBIT                   (1433.5)^2 = 4 x 778.6 x (1433.5- 778.6)          

d= 1433.5 million km    =Saturn Orbital Distance    

d0= 778.6 million km     =Jupiter Orbital Distance

Saturn depends on Jupiter

URANUS ORBIT                  (2872.5)^2 = 4 x 1433.5 x (2872.5- 1433.5)                

d= 2872.5 million km     = Uranus Orbital Distance    

d0= 1433.5 million km  = Saturn Orbital Distance 

Uranus depends on Saturn

The Paper Tests My Equation With All Planets Orbital Distances And Discusses The Equation Concept-

Please Note- light created the space in orbits depending on each other before any planet creation- means- the planets orbits are created before any planet creation and by that planet mass has no relationship with its orbit definition-

In fact- the planets orbits are created by light motion and that is proved by different powerful planets data –my planet orbital distance equation is one method only and there are many other methods prove the orbits are created based on each other without any effect of any planet mass- shortly- the basic idea is wrong

The paper provides these different methods and proves the planets orbits are created by light motion before any planet creation

PAPER FIRST HYPOTHESIS

Paper first hypothesis

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field (Moreover the sun is not producing a gravitational field) and

The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system (from Pluto and Neptune to Saturn) and (From Uranus to Jupiter) and (from Venus to Mars) –

The gravitational waves reflection causes changes in the planets data- and these changes are repeated with each reflection- means- these changes are found by rules because it's repeated with each reflection clearly- that shows the planets use similar behaviors to create their data which proves one reason causes to create all this data

Also- the wave energy reflection causes to square the wave velocity – the velocity square is the most important feature of the energy reflection because it enables the waves to move by speed of light- that explains how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light in the solar system- the motion by speed of light is produced only by the wave energy reflection (and without the reflection this motion can't be done)     

Paper 1st hypothesis (The objective of the hypothesis)

I prove that the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and these waves are reflected in the solar system three time and the reflection of the wave energy causes to square the wave velocity (the velocity squaring is the important feature I prove in the paper because the light beam is reflected but its speed is NOT squared and that means the wave velocity squaring is feature of the space) and it's very important to prove the wave velocity is squared by the reflection because this process enables the waves to move by speed of light and that explains how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light – as this new article states

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- here I explain how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light (please note the article still believes the gravitational waves are produced by the gravitational field – I refuse this idea – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies but the article states that the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam and I accept this idea and I explain and prove how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light) 

Paper 1st hypothesis Proof (The Proving Method)

I compare between the planets data in the three reflections of the wave- I put the planets data in comparison to each other for each reflection to prove the planets use similar behaviors to define their data and this similar behavior proves one force (or one reason) is found behind- and this one reason is the wave energy reflection which causes to create all this data –

The wave energy reflection effect on the solar system design (A Summary)

The reflections cause defined changes in the planets data – and

The most important change is (the wave velocity square) – and this velocity squaring is very important because it enable the gravitational waves to move by speed of light – the motion by speed of light is very effective on the solar system design because it defines the planets distribution between the sun and Pluto– this fact is explained in point no. (**) 

Paper 1st hypothesis Explanation and Proof Discussion

Paper 1st hypothesis Explanation and Proof Discussion

The explanation is discussed in two parts

1ST PART

I- Preface

II- The Comparison

III- The explanation of the wave energy reflection effect on the solar system design

2nd PART

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Detailed Discussion

(Paper 1st hypothesis Explanation) 1ST PART

I- Preface

(1)

Planet Motion Energy Analysis

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity

(2)

These Waves Are The Gravitational Waves (My Hypothesis)

Mans- the waves are produced by the planets motions energies- these waves are the gravitational waves- it's my paper 1st hypothesis- the gravitational waves are not produced by the gravitational field (moreover the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field) instead the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies 

AND

The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)

AND 

In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit-

Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) –

The 1st Conclusion

The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space

Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves  -

Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why?

The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

(3)

The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field

The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following

(i)

The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- 

(ii)

No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity–Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner structure and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-

Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions.  

(iii)

The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-

(iv)

The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it

Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation)

d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                             

d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance

d0= 57.9 million km  = Mercury Orbital Distance

50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury  Venus Depends On Mercury

Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655

d= 1433 million km    = Saturn Orbital Distance

d0= 778.6 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Distance

655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation

Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition.

Notice

Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation)  

Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth-

(v)

Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the paper abstract- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Conclusion

The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

(4)

The Wave Reflection Trajectory

Let's remember what we know till now

(a)

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and this energy creates waves in the space and each wave moves by its planet velocity- these waves move toward Pluto (perpendicular on the revolution direction) and in Pluto orbit these waves are unified into one unified wave moves by velocity = the planets velocities total = 205.8 km/s  

Means- while the planets revolve around the sun in their orbits by their velocities- there's one unified wave revolves around the sun moving by 205.8 km/s and this unified wave revolves around The Sun In Pluto Orbit-this unified wave is The Gravitational Wave  

Now- this unified wave is reflected from Pluto to Venus orbit- Means- the unified wave is reflected and sent from Pluto to Neptune to the next planets till reach Venus 

The unified wave is reflected three times in the solar system

(from Pluto and Neptune to Saturn) and

(from Uranus and Jupiter) and

(from Venus to Mars)

With each reflection of the wave defined changes are done for the planets data

But let's refer to the general design behind these three reflections in following

(b)

We remember this new article

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam-

My hypothesis tells (the reflection of energy causes to square the wave velocity)

Let's put the ideas beside one another to see the general design

The gravitational waves can move by speed of light AND can produce a light beam – How?? if the motion is done by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) how can this motion produce a light beam? Because the light beam is produced from the value (C^2 = squared speed of light) – here we see the energy reflection effect- the wave moves by speed of light and when this wave is reflected its velocity is squared and produced the value (C^2 = squared speed of light) from which the light beam is created-

Means

The machine needs one reflection to change the speed from (speed of light C=30000 km/s to the value C^2 =squared speed of light) and by that the light beam is created

Now – let's ask -

How can the wave moves by speed of light?

We remember- the one unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves in Pluto orbit with velocity 205.8 km/s – how can this gravitational wave moves by speed of light? 

By another reflection of energy – let's see that in following

300000 km/s = (205.8 km/s)^2 x 7.1

This equation tells

The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities

(205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s

Means the gravitational wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s

BUT

If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1

Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1

BUT

The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect

The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) 

That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

Here we see clearly that

The machine needs one energy reflection only to accelerate the wave velocity from 205.8 km/s to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

And

The machine needs one more reflection only to change the wave speed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to (C^2 =squared speed of light) by which the light beam is created

Shortly -the machine needs only two reflections of energy to produce the light beam from the gravitational waves motions

Now – let's ask– Why Are There Three Reflections Of Energy In The Solar System? If The Machine Needs Just Two Reflections Why The Machine Uses Three Reflections? 

Because of Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion- Neptune caused to repeat the energy reflection and by that the solar system uses 2 reflections in the outer planets and one reflection in the inner planets- this result is done by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion – as explained in details in the third hypothesis.   

(c)

Please note- the two reflections in the outer planets are done to produce a result of one reflection only and for that the two reflections are complementary one another as we will discuss- shortly- we can say there's one unified reflection of the wave in the outer planets and one single reflection of the wave in the inner planets because the two reflections in the outer planets are complementary each other and produce a result of one reflection only – spite of that- the planets data prove clearly there are three reflections in the solar system- means- while the wave reflections are three they do effect of two reflections only – as we will discuss in details in following

(5)

 The Wave Acceleration Process

Now we know the unified wave velocity is 205.8 km/s and this wave is accelerated to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) by one reflection and then this wave moves by speed of light is accelerated one more time to produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light)  by another reflection   

But where's this happened? In which planets orbits this is happened?

Shortly

The wave moves by 205.8 km/s in the orbits of Planets (Pluto – Neptune and Uranus) and

The wave velocity is accelerated to move by speed of light in Saturn orbit

Means- Starting from Saturn orbit the unified wave moves by speed of light – the wave speed is speed of light in all orbits from Saturn to Venus

And

Venus reflected the wave to Mars and that causes to accelerate the wave velocity from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to (C^2= squared speed of light)- in the moon orbit between Venus and Mars    

(6)

 Planet Definition 

(A)

The physics book defines the planet as (Planet is solid body created independently from the space and the other planets)–if so- how can the gravitational waves reflection have effects on the planets data??

My definition for the planet is

Planet is a geometrical point carried on the moving energy (or Planet is a geometrical point found on a light beam) – let's explain this definition in following

The matter and space both are created from the same one energy- means

The planets matters and their distances both are created from the same one energy- the matter and space move depending on the motion of this energy from which they are created-means- the matter isn't moving by the mass gravity – Newton is wrong- the matter moves by the motion of the energy from which the matter is created- 

Based on this idea

The space is similar to the sea of water- and the matter is similar to a whirlpool (vortex) is found on the sea page- the matter creates for itself a geometrical frame (a distinguished form from the space) and moves by a different velocity from the space motion- as the whirlpool (vortex) on the sea page- it's created by the sea water but it has a distinguish form from the sea waves and it moves by a different velocity from the sea waves- this explanation shows how the moving energy can effect on the matter creation data- for example- we have a whirlpool (vortex) its diameter is 2 meters how is this whirlpool created? and why does its diameter equal = 2 meters? The diameter is created as a result for the water motion velocity, pressure, amount and motion angle and many other features of (the moving water)- the moving water creates this whirlpool with diameter 2 meters and as long as the water motion is not changed this diameter will not be changed also-   

Let's give another example

The energy motion is similar to the blood motion in a creature body- suppose- we examine now a liver of human - the blood motion causes this liver to work perfectly but if the blood motion is changed that would cause changes for the liver cells and job – suppose the blood have some poison the liver will be dead- suppose the pressure is raised- I want to say- the liver is a piece of body (matter) but it depends on the blood motion and this blood motion defines this liver dimensions and data- 

Shortly–the matter is similar to a muscle in a creature- the muscle may be so strong as a rock but it depends on the blood motion (similar to that the matter is found depending on the motion of energy from which this matter is created)

That explains how the gravitational waves reflection have effects on the planets data- still the planet is a solid body and the wave is a wave- the wave can be reflected but the solid body can NOT be reflected spite of that the planets data is reflected one another because the reflected waves have effects on the moving energy by which this planet (solid body) is created-

(B)

We should see the depth of this new definition-

The definition tells us

The matter (planet) is created by energy and the matter moves with this energy- means- this energy is the mother of this matter- this energy created the matter and caused this matter motion-BUT- this definition tells- the matter motion is defined before the matter creation- means- Planet motion is defined before this planet creation- How can that be possible? Because –

The energy is found alone in motion (the sea water was in motion) and the energy created the matter and this matter dimensions and data is defined based on the energy motion features (as discussed before- the whirlpool "vortex" is created with diameter 2 meters and this diameter is defined by the water motion features "velocity- pressure- angle- amount …etc") by that the matter dimensions are defined by the mother energy motion features - AND after the matter creation, the matter moves with the mother energy- by that- the created matter moves the same motion based on which this matter dimensions and data is defined- that explains how the planet motion is defined before the planet creation-

This fact is proved by my planet diameter equation because it proves strongly that the planet diameter is created based on its velocity- means- the equation proves – for example – Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s and Neptune velocity is defined before Neptune diameter- let's remember this equation

My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I

v = Planet Velocity                                                       

r = Planet Diameter

s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period

I= Planet Orbital Inclination        (example, 1.8 degrees be produced as a rate 1.8)

v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet

The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error 

Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity

Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity

Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity

Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity

Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)

Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity

Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)

Example    

Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8               

89143                   = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period

49528 km   = Neptune diameter

9.7 km/s      = Saturn velocity

5.4 km/s      = Neptune velocity

59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)

1.8 degrees = Neptune Orbital Inclination

The Equation Concept (A Summary)

Planet diameter should be a function in its orbital distance –otherwise- this planet would be broken by its motion- BUT- the designer can't create a function has only 2 variables (Planet diameter and its orbital distance)- because– If this planet changes its orbital distance its diameter would be broken also because the diameter is a direct function in the orbital distance without any other variables -As A Result  

The designer created the planet diameter as a function in this planet rotation period and the planet rotation period is created as a function in this planet velocity and the planet velocity is created as a function in this planet orbital distance- by that- the function Planet diameter and its orbital distance is created but also it contains many variables (rotation period, orbital period and velocity)- by that- if a Planet changes its orbital distance- this planet orbital period, and velocity and rotation period would be changed but its diameter will be saved-

(C)

The previous explanation helps us to see how the planet is created- also we remember Kepler rule (Planet Orbit Defines Its Velocity)  

The orbit is created at first and the orbit defines the motion velocity and the planet diameter is created based on this velocity –means- the space is created before the matter creation- Shortly- The planet orbit is created (from the mother energy) before this planet creation and the planet is created later (by this energy motion features) and the planet data is defined based on this motion features and the planet moves after Creation with this mother energy motion- and– in case any planet after creation changes its orbit the planet motion data be changed but its creation data is saved- we should note that the space must be created based on a geometrical design-means- the solar system space (all orbits) is designed based on one geometrical design before any planet creation

(D)

The planet is a geometrical point on the mother energy and moves with it –Or

The planet is a geometrical point on the same light beam and moves with it

That tells

The solar planets are geometrical points found on the same one light beam and move with this light beam motion

By that- the planets are similar to carriages in one train –and the light beam (the mother energy) is the engine of this train- the light moves and causes all planets motions  (as the sea water moves and causes all ships motions)

Here we conclude that the planets motions are similar to the chess board motions because it depends on geometrical rules in all details- that's why the analysis is so useful because it can show the geometrical design found by the planets motions integration.

(E)

The planet definition answers the question

If The Gravitational Waves Are Reflected Why This Reflection Have Effects On The Planets Data?

Because the waves reflection causes to define the energy motion direction and by that the planets data is changed and effected by the moving energy through these planets-

The effects on the planets data is very useful because it proves the reflection is a fact as we discussed later

(7)

 The Energy Distribution In The Solar System

Now we know

The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s in the orbits of Pluto, Neptune and Uranus and

The unified wave motion is accelerated to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) in all planets orbits Starting from Saturn to Venus

And Venus reflected the wave to Mars and by that the speed of light is squared to produce (C^2= squared speed of light) by which the light beam is created  

Can The Wave Different Speeds Have Effect On The Solar System Design? YES

The three planets (Pluto, Neptune and Uranus) have great areas because the wave velocity is 205.8 km/s means massive amounts of energy is stored in these orbits as waves move by 205.8 km/s-

But

Starting from Saturn orbit the wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) that doesn't need great areas because the energy is found in waves move by speed of light that explains why the planets orbits be small orbits (from Saturn to Venus) and even the inner planets have very small orbits because the energy is not stored in the inner planets orbits but the energy is used directly to produce the sun rays- that shows the planets distribution between the Sun and Pluto is related to the wave velocity changes

(8)

 Planet Motion Definition

Let's ask

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- now we ask- if the gravitational waves move by speed of light- why is it necessary the gravitational waves move by speed of light relative to the sun point of Space? Or let's ask this question by another method

Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s relative to what? relative to the sun

All Motions In The Solar System Are Done Relative To The Sun – let's explain why

Let's remember how the sun point is created

We understand the space is similar to the sea of water and it's in continuous motion and NO stationary point can be found in it- the sun point of space should be a stationary point- for that the sun point of space creation needed specific procedure 

The planets were found before the sun creation and the planets revolve around a point in space (any point in space) the revolution creates two velocities on both sides of the revolution- the two velocities are equal in value opposite in direction- the total be Zero- means- the revolution motion creates a stationary point in the revolution center-

By that the sun point of space is created as a stationary point- and the sun point is the only stationary point in the solar system- for that all motions are done relative to the sun point of space- but let's ask

What does mean Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s? it means – the sun point of space is a stationary point and its velocity is 1 km/s (Zero approximately)- and that means- the space around the sun has waves move by velocity 1 km/s while Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s and that means the space around Pluto has waves move by 4.7 km/s  and by Pluto motion the waves around the sun moves by 4.7 km/s because of Pluto motion effect

Shortly- the sun is the stationary point in the solar system and all motions are done relative to the sun because it's the minimum velocity in the solar system.

II- The Comparison

The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system three times

(From Neptune to Saturn) This Is The First Reflection

(From Uranus to Jupiter) This Is The Second Reflection

(From Venus to Mars) This Is The Third Reflection

Here we compare among the data of these planets- the comparison provides 7 groups of data in each group we compare the planets data because I want to prove that the planets use similar behaviors to produce their data – means- this all data is created based on geometrical rules which proves that there's one reason caused to create all this data and this reason is the gravitational waves reflection- In the comparison I start by Venus reflection (the 3rd one) then Uranus reflection (the 2nd one) and Neptune reflection (1st one) because Venus is very simple data and can be understood easily-

The Data Changes

 The gravitational waves reflection causes basic changes in the planets data let's refer to these changes in following

What's used as (A) before the reflection will be used as (1/A) after the reflection.

What's used as (a distance) before the reflection will be used as (a period of time) after the reflection

The velocities be squared –the rate (v1/v2) before reflection will be (v1/v2)^2 after the reflection.

The energy direction is changed by the reflection

The players of the rates of time are reflected also –

Notice – the gravitational waves reflection needs three planets –as we have discussed- the 1st reflection (from Neptune to Saturn) and between them Uranus – also the 2nd reflection (from Uranus to Jupiter) and between them Saturn–  and also the 3rd reflection (from Venus to Mars) and between them The Earth– that shows three planets are used in each reflection- the middle planet is effected also by the wave reflection as we will see in the data discussion – shortly – No reflection can be done by two neighbors planets - 

These changes are done with each reflection for the gravitational waves- the planets data proves this fact as we will see in the comparison of the data and the detailed analysis for the wave reflection (CONT)

Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292

Physics Department-  Physics & Mathematics  Faculty 

Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow   (2010-2013)

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[brookstonalmanac]

Events 2.7

457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. 1301 – Edward of Caernarvon (later king Edward II of England) becomes the first English Prince of Wales. 1313 – King Thihathu founds the Pinya Kingdom as the de jure successor state of the Pagan Kingdom. 1365 – Albert III of Mecklenburg (King Albert of Sweden) grants city rights to Ulvila (Swedish: Ulvsby). 1497 – In Florence, Italy, supporters of Girolamo Savonarola burn cosmetics, art, and books, in a "Bonfire of the vanities". 1756 – Guaraní War: The leader of the Guaraní rebels, Sepé Tiaraju, is killed in a skirmish with Spanish and Portuguese troops. 1783 – American Revolutionary War: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar. 1795 – The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified. 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon finds Bennigsen's Russian forces taking a stand at Eylau. After bitter fighting, the French take the town, but the Russians resume the battle the next day. 1812 – The strongest in a series of earthquakes strikes New Madrid, Missouri. 1813 – In the action of 7 February 1813 near the Îles de Los, the frigates Aréthuse and Amelia batter each other, but neither can gain the upper hand. 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of William Farquhar. 1842 – Battle of Debre Tabor: Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien. 1854 – A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855. 1863 – HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189. 1894 – The Cripple Creek miner's strike, led by the Western Federation of Miners, begins in Cripple Creek, Colorado, United States. 1898 – Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'Accuse…! 1900 – Second Boer War: British troops fail in their third attempt to lift the Siege of Ladysmith. 1900 – A Chinese immigrant in San Francisco falls ill to bubonic plague in the first plague epidemic in the continental United States. 1904 – A fire begins in Baltimore, Maryland;[12] it destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours. 1940 – The second full-length animated Walt Disney film, Pinocchio, premieres. 1943 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy forces complete the evacuation of Imperial Japanese Army troops from Guadalcanal during Operation Ke, ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from Allied forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign. 1944 – World War II: In Anzio, Italy, German forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied Operation Shingle. 1951 – Korean War: More than 700 suspected communist sympathizers are massacred by South Korean forces. 1962 – The United States bans all Cuban imports and exports. 1974 – Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom. 1979 – Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either was discovered. 1984 – Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission: Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU). 1986 – Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in Haiti, when President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees the Caribbean nation. 1990 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly on power. 1991 – Haiti's first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in. 1991 – The Troubles: The Provisional IRA launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street in London, the headquarters of the British government. 1992 – The Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union. 1995 – Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, is arrested in Islamabad, Pakistan. 1999 – Crown Prince Abdullah becomes the King of Jordan on the death of his father, King Hussein. 2001 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on mission STS-98, carrying the Destiny laboratory module to the International Space Station. 2009 – Bushfires in Victoria leave 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history. 2012 – President Mohamed Nasheed of the Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of the Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military. 2013 – The U.S. state of Mississippi officially certifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was formally ratified by Mississippi in 1995. 2014 – Scientists announce that the Happisburgh footprints in Norfolk, England, date back to more than 800,000 years ago, making them the oldest known hominid footprints outside Africa. 2016 – North Korea launches Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 into outer space violating multiple UN treaties and prompting condemnation from around the world. 2021 – The 2021 Uttarakhand flood begins.

[vjcoverseas]

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[entomoblog]

Biodiversity increases organic nutrient availability across ecosystems

See on Scoop.it - EntomoNews

Biodiversity increases organic nutrient availability across ecosystems

October 17, 2024 | Isabel Plana

Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

  Image : Common crab spider (lat. Xysticus cristatus) with a Nomada cuckoo bee (lat. Nomada sp.) (Photo: Maja Ilić).

------

NDÉ

Traduction

  Les insectes et les araignées sont des éléments importants des réseaux alimentaires des écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres. Avec le déclin de leur biodiversité, la nourriture des oiseaux, des poissons, des reptiles, des amphibiens et des petits mammifères devient non seulement plus rare, mais aussi plus pauvre en acides gras importants, comme le rapporte une équipe de recherche internationale dirigée par des scientifiques de l'Eawag et du WSL dans la revue Science.

  Les animaux ont besoin non seulement de calories en quantité suffisante pour fonctionner, mais aussi de nutriments essentiels, notamment d'acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) oméga-3 et oméga-6. Les insectes et les arachnides sont une source importante de ces acides gras essentiels pour les oiseaux, les hérissons, les lézards, etc.

  La teneur dépend toutefois des types d'insectes et d'araignées consommés. Les insectes aquatiques, tels que les phryganes ou les libellules, contiennent beaucoup plus d'AGPI oméga-3 à longue chaîne (LC) que les insectes terrestres, car les algues riches en AGPI oméga-3 LC constituent la base de la chaîne alimentaire dans les écosystèmes aquatiques. La teneur en acides gras peut également s'accumuler tout au long des chaînes alimentaires : une éphémère en contient souvent plus que les algues dont elle se nourrit, mais moins que le poisson qui se nourrit d'éphémères.

  Il existe des études sur ce sujet, ainsi que de nombreuses études sur la façon dont la biodiversité des plantes ou des algues affecte la disponibilité de la biomasse dans les écosystèmes. « Cependant, on sait peu de choses sur l'effet de la biodiversité des insectes et des arachnides sur la disponibilité des acides gras dans le réseau alimentaire d'un écosystème », explique Cornelia Twining, cheffe du groupe “Écophysiologie du réseau alimentaire” à l'institut de recherche aquatique Eawag et professeur à l'ETH Zurich. Avec ses collègues, elle a voulu combler cette lacune dans les connaissances.

Plus de 700 écosystèmes terrestres et aquatiques examinés

Les chercheur·euses ont utilisé un ensemble de données comprenant plus d'un demi-million d'observations d'environ 7600 espèces d'insectes et d'araignées en Suisse. Les quelque 400 écosystèmes aquatiques et 300 écosystèmes terrestres étudiés varient en fonction de l'utilisation des sols - certains se trouvent dans des habitats naturels tels que de vastes prairies ou des forêts, d'autres dans des zones agricoles ou au milieu d'une ville.

  Pour chacun de ces écosystèmes, les chercheur·euses ont calculé la biomasse et la biodiversité des insectes et des arachnides, ainsi que les quantités de différents AGPI clés qu'ils fournissent au total. « Nous nous sommes intéressés à la manière dont l'utilisation des sols détermine la disponibilité de l'énergie et des nutriments et à l'existence de différences importantes entre les écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres », explique Ryan Shipley, chercheur à l'Institut WSL pour l'étude de la neige et des avalanches (SLF) et auteur principal de l'étude. « Le changement d'utilisation des sols est l'un des défis mondiaux les plus urgents. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre l'impact des activités humaines sur les fonctions fondamentales des écosystèmes », explique Ryan Shipley."

(...)

  Consumer biodiversity increases organic nutrient availability across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Science, 17.10.2024 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp6198

  J. Ryan Shipley, Rebecca Oester, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Tarn Preet Parmar, Carmen Kowarik, Maja Ilíć, (...) and Cornelia W. Twining

Bernadette Cassel's insight:

  "La raréfaction des insectes met en péril l'apport nutritionnel des écosystèmes Les insectes et les araignées jouent un rôle crucial dans les écosystèmes en fournissant des acides gras essentiels, notamment les oméga-3 et oméga-6, aux animaux comme les oiseaux, les reptiles et ou encore les petits mammifères. Une étude publiée dans Science (17.10.24) révèle que la raréfaction de ces espèces réduit la disponibilité de ces nutriments importants et menace les écosystèmes."

  via https://www.rts.ch/audio-podcast/2024/audio/insectes-vestiges-neolithiques-et-attention-28675971.html

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position: EAWAG_Switzerland.AdaptationEcosystemResilience

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Graduate position: EAWAG_Switzerland.AdaptationEcosystemResilience > Date: 26 October 2024 at 06:31:23 BST > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > A PhD position in Adaptation and Ecosystem resilience is open at > the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology EAWAG, > an internationally networked aquatic research institute within the ETH > Domain (Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology). > > The position is part of the project ‘A trait-based eco-phenotypic > framework for understanding resilience and tipping phenomena in > ecosystems’ led by Dr. Catalina Chaparro. The project aims to develop > a comprehensive framework of resilience in ecosystems integrating > ecological, phenotypic traits, and environmental stress dynamics. In this > project, the PhD candidate will develop and analyze eco-evolutionary > models and datasets to study how adaptation contributes to maintaining > resilience in ecosystems. This is mainly a theoretical and computational > research project. > > We are looking for an enthusiastic and self-motivated person to learn > new skills or explore new topics. Candidates for this position should > hold a MSc in the biological sciences or different fields in the natural > sciences (e.g., computational, mathematical, earth sciences) with a > strong interest in ecology. Experience in programming and mathematical > modeling would be an asset. Good communication skills are essential. > > The deadline for applications is 15 November 2024 or until the > position is filled. Your application should include a cover > letter explaining your research background and motivation > to apply for this position, a CV, copies of your academic > qualifications, and contact information for two references. For > details about the position and how to apply, follow this link > https://ift.tt/XZfW8Ok > > > > "Chaparro Pedraza, Catalina"

[artoftimeindia]

Luxury, Innovation, and Precision: Omega Watches Await

Omega stands as a paragon of luxury, innovation, and precision in the world of watchmaking. Known for their impeccable design, technical mastery, and storied heritage, Omega watches have captured the hearts of collectors and connoisseurs alike. They’re not just timepieces; they’re symbols of excellence and timeless style. Whether it’s an adventure to the depths of the ocean or the iconic moments on the moon, Omega has been there, proving its resilience, accuracy, and elegance. Let’s take a closer look at what makes Omega watches a masterpiece of luxury, innovation, and precision.

A Legacy of Excellence

Omega’s history dates back to 1848, when Louis Brandt began crafting pocket watches in a small Swiss village. Since then, Omega has become synonymous with prestige and reliability, producing watches that have shaped the course of horology. Omega has been the official timekeeper for the Olympics since 1932, and its accuracy and innovation won it a role in history when the Omega Speedmaster became the first watch worn on the moon during the 1969 Apollo 11 mission.

The brand’s commitment to excellence doesn’t stop there. Omega’s collaborations and partnerships with NASA and its pioneering efforts in sports timekeeping have cemented its status as one of the top luxury watchmakers globally. Omega’s continuous evolution and dedication to precision and innovation have made it the go-to choice for explorers, athletes, and those who appreciate the finest in luxury watchmaking.

Mastering Precision

At the heart of Omega’s appeal is its commitment to precision. Omega’s obsession with accuracy has led to some of the most advanced timekeeping technologies available in luxury watches today.

Groundbreaking Movements

Omega’s journey in mastering precision is embodied in its pioneering Co-Axial movement, developed to reduce friction within the movement and improve longevity and accuracy. This unique mechanism set Omega apart, as it required less maintenance and offered consistent performance over time. Their Master Chronometer certification, developed in partnership with the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS), is another testament to the brand’s commitment to excellence. This certification subjects Omega watches to rigorous testing, ensuring that they meet the highest standards in water resistance, temperature variation, and shock resistance.

Accolades and Certifications

Omega holds countless certifications and awards for its dedication to precision and innovation. The COSC (Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres), a Swiss chronometer certification authority, validates Omega’s prowess in timekeeping, guaranteeing that each certified watch meets the stringent standards of accuracy. Furthermore, Omega’s Master Chronometer status goes above and beyond, promising reliability and performance that few other brands can match.

Innovative Design and Aesthetics

Omega’s attention to detail and cutting-edge materials distinguish it as a leader in watch design. While some brands prioritize tradition over change, Omega strikes a balance, integrating groundbreaking materials and aesthetics without sacrificing its heritage.

Unique Features and Materials

From Ceragold bezels to Sedna Gold (a proprietary blend of gold, copper, and palladium), Omega uses some of the most innovative materials in its timepieces. These features not only enhance the watch’s appearance but also improve its durability and scratch resistance. Omega’s innovation extends to the dials, which often feature laser-engraved patterns and anti-reflective sapphire crystals, creating a unique combination of functionality and aesthetics.

Collaborative Designs

Omega’s collaborations have also given rise to exclusive editions and celebrated partnerships, including collections designed in collaboration with influential figures like James Bond and the Omega Aqua Terra collection for the America’s Cup. These limited-edition designs and thematic collaborations give Omega’s watches a distinctive edge, embodying both luxury and sophistication.

Top Brand Watches

Omega’s legacy is built upon a handful of iconic collections, each representing the brand’s commitment to excellence and unique aesthetic. Let’s explore some of the most celebrated models in Omega’s lineup:

Omega Speedmaster

The Omega Speedmaster is undoubtedly the brand’s most legendary model, achieving iconic status as “the Moonwatch.” As the first watch worn on the moon during NASA’s Apollo 11 mission, it symbolizes resilience and precision under the most extreme conditions. The Speedmaster’s design remains timeless, with its black dial, tachymeter bezel, and chronograph function. Popular models include the Speedmaster Professional Moonwatch, which stays true to its original design, and the Speedmaster Dark Side of the Moon, which incorporates ceramic and unique color schemes inspired by lunar exploration.

Omega Seamaster

Originally introduced in 1948, the Omega Seamaster is another iconic collection celebrated for its robust construction and outstanding water resistance. Originally created for military divers and later popularized as James Bond’s watch of choice, the Seamaster collection appeals to adventure seekers and professionals alike. The Seamaster Diver 300M is renowned for its wave-patterned dial, helium-escape valve, and a 300-meter water resistance. Meanwhile, the Planet Ocean model offers even greater depth for professional divers, with water resistance up to 600 meters. The Seamaster collection combines style and rugged functionality, making it ideal for diving enthusiasts.

Omega Constellation

For those who appreciate elegance and sophistication, the Omega Constellation series is a go-to choice. Known for its iconic “Griffes” (or claws) on the bezel and a refined design, the Constellation has remained a symbol of luxury since its introduction in 1952. The Constellation’s slim profile, coupled with its precise movement and luxurious materials, makes it a preferred choice for those seeking a refined and reliable dress watch. Models like the Constellation Co-Axial Master Chronometer feature a variety of finishes, including gold, steel, and diamonds, making them a staple in luxury watch collections.

Other Notable Models

Omega’s catalog extends beyond the Speedmaster, Seamaster, and Constellation. The De Ville collection offers timeless elegance with minimalist design, making it suitable for both formal and everyday wear. The Railmaster, originally created for railway workers, appeals to those seeking a robust, vintage-inspired look. These models, while not as iconic as Omega’s top-tier collections, still embody the brand’s commitment to quality and precision, providing a diverse array of options for Omega enthusiasts.

Conclusion

Omega watches epitomize the blend of luxury, innovation, and precision. Each collection, from the adventure-ready Seamaster to the refined Constellation, represents Omega’s dedication to excellence and its pioneering spirit in the world of watchmaking. For over 170 years, Omega has pushed the boundaries of horology, embracing new materials and technologies while preserving its rich legacy.

If you’re considering investing in a top brand watch that represents both heritage and innovation, Omega awaits. Whether you’re drawn to the timeless allure of the Speedmaster or the classic elegance of the Constellation, Omega offers a piece of history and excellence with each timepiece. Explore Omega’s collections at a boutique or trusted online retailer and experience firsthand why Omega watches are truly timeless marvels of luxury and precision.